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Corresponding Author: Heiner Eckert Abstract: A synthesis efficiency algorithm is essential for the evaluation of complex syntheses in chemistry and life sciences. It must also be based on concrete and reliable criteria. Such an algorithm has been developed to precisely evaluate even highly complex syntheses and determine their synthesis efficiency Effsynt. The mathematical operations are highly suitable for electronic data processing (EDP). This algorithm can also be used as a basis for fair cost assessment of complex chemical syntheses. Keywords: Synthesis evaluation; Synthesis efficiency; Overall yield; Complex syntheses; Multicomponent.
Efficiency Measurement of Complex Syntheses in Chemistry and Life Sciences.
Co-Authors: Jinjin Yang, Shuai Shao, Jinmeng Xia, Jianbing Li, Yubao Li*
Abstract: Urban sediments in Wenzhou City were found polluted with heavy metals (As, Hg, Cr, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn) and organic matter. Metal speciation also showed environmental risks of heavy metals in river sediments. Heat energy in the sediment can amount to 47% of that in standard coal. Investigations revealed 35 urban wetlands of 15 big cities in southern China were at ecological risks posed by heavy metals and excessive nutrients in sediments. Toxic metals and organic carbon must be taken into consideration when planning to project urban wetlands.The dredging of such sediments could possibly increase greenhouse gases emission that should be further investigated. It is also suggested to examine energy recycling from these wetland sediments.
Urban sediment contamination with heavy metals and organic matter in Southern China
Co-Authors: Yashika Bhalla, Renu Chadha*, Kunal Chadha and Maninder Karan
Abstract
Background: In the present study, crystal engineering strategy is employed to facilitate the supramolecular synthesis of three new crystalline forms of a potential flavonoidal molecule, Fisetin whose efficacy is hampered due to its low solubility. Fisetin cocrystals with GRAS status coformers including glutaric acid, malic acid and theophylline are described herein. All the coformers complement the phytogen with respect to hydrogen bonding. .
Method: Mechanochemical grinding was utilized to prepare the cocrystals i.e., FGLU, FMAL and FTHY which were analyzed using DSC, FT-IR, PXRD and solid state NMR. The crystal structures determined using the PXRD pattern validated the existence of FGLU (triclinic crystal system (P1), FMAL (monoclinic P21/c) and FTHY(triclinic crystal system (P1). In each of the crystal structures, intermolecular hydrogen-bonding motif involving the hydroxyl group(OH) of fisetin with the carbonyl group and the phenolic group of the coformers was observed.The prepared cocrystals were further evaluated for their solubility, intrinsic dissolution and in vivo/in vitro profile.
Results: Solubility and dissolution studies of fisetin cocrystals were measured in aqueous buffer and demonstra
Co-Authors: Devrim Beyaz, Ergun Omer Goksoy, Filiz Kok, Pelin Kocak, Nevin Tuzcu, Ozlem Sahan Yapicier
Abstract: This study intended to determine the survival of Listeria monocytogenes during the production and fermentation of the traditional Turkish wheat-based beverage, Boza. The survival of L. monocytogenes spiked at 5,70 log cfu/mL during the Boza fermentation at 30°C was investigated along with the pH changes. The study also determined the pH changes during that period. The results indicated that L. monocytogenes count tended to decrease rapidly after the sharp decrease in the pH of boza after 48th hour storage. Additionally, L. monocytogenes was not detected after 72nd hour of boza production. It was concluded that this result was created by the low pH formation during boza fermentation as well as the antilisterial activity of the Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains that were isolated from the boza as the dominant species.
Survival of Listeria monocytogenes during the production and ripening of Boza
